Alkanes, known as saturated hydrocarbons, are organic compounds consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms linked by single bonds, lacking functional groups. These compounds are categorized into linear, branched, and cycloalkanes, following the general formula C_nH_2n+2. Characterized by low reactivity, alkanes possess densities between 0.6 and 0.8 g/cm³, enabling substances like gasoline to float on water. Methane explosions, a hazard in coal mining, highlight the dangers of alkane accumulation under pressure. Butane (C₄H₁₀), a non-polar hydrocarbon, exhibits strong dispersion forces due to its greater molar mass, contributing to its higher melting and boiling points. This principle underlines alkanes' varied properties and their consequential role in different contexts.