Read the following passage and answer the questions-
In the unfolding tapestry of human history, population growth has been a defining thread, weaving its way through the epochs and shaping the contours of civilization. From the whispering dawn of early settlements to the thunderous march of modern metropolises, human numbers have burgeoned, reflecting both the boundless potential and looming challenges of our species.
In ancient times, hunter-gatherer societies grew incrementally, their numbers kept in balance by the capricious whims of nature. By the dawn of agriculture, the fertile valleys cradled burgeoning communities, giving rise to nascent towns and the advent of urban life. The Industrial Revolution acted as a catalyst, propelling population growth into exponential trajectories. Advances in medicine, sanitation, and technology extended lifespans and reduced mortality rates, further swelling humanity's ranks.
Today, the global population surges past eight billion, presenting a paradox of progress and peril. In some regions, burgeoning populations drive economies and innovation, while in others, they strain resources and infrastructure. Urban sprawl encroaches on natural habitats, breeding environmental concerns that echo with urgency. Yet, within this complexity lies the promise of human ingenuity. The challenges wrought by population growth call for collaborative solutions, harnessing the collective wisdom and compassion of a connected world to forge a sustainable future for all.