Comprehension Passage

Direction: Read the given passage and answer the following questions.

Sustainable agriculture is a holistic approach to farming that seeks to balance environmental health, economic profitability, and social equity. This method involves practices such as crop rotation, conservation tillage, and organic farming, which aim to reduce the reliance on chemical inputs and enhance soil fertility. Sustainable agriculture also emphasizes the use of renewable resources and the preservation of biodiversity to create resilient agricultural systems. By promoting efficient water use, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and supporting local food systems, sustainable agriculture addresses the challenges of food security and environmental sustainability. However, transitioning to sustainable practices requires overcoming obstacles such as initial costs and the need for education and support for farmers. As the global population continues to grow, sustainable agriculture offers a viable path to ensuring long-term food security and environmental stewardship.

Which of the following best explains the concept of "closed-loop systems" in sustainable agriculture?

1
Systems that rely exclusively on external inputs
2
Systems that recycle all waste products back into the system
3
Systems that focus on monoculture crops
4
Systems that use maximum chemical pesticides and fertilizers

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