A pendulum consists of a small metal ball attached to a string, which is fixed at a pivot point. The pendulum is displaced from its equilibrium position and released, allowing it to oscillate back and forth under the influence of gravity. This motion is an example of simple harmonic motion (SHM), where the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement and acts in the direction opposite to that displacement.

Let's consider a pendulum with the following characteristics:

Length of String = 2 m

Mass of Ball = 1 kg

Amplitude of oscillation = 0.1 meters (maximum displacement from equilibrium)