Greenhouse gases (GHGs) play a critical role in Earth's climate system by trapping heat in the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect. Major GHGs include carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), ozone (O₃), and fluorinated gases, all of which vary in their ability to absorb and retain heat in the atmosphere. CO₂, the result of burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and various industrial processes, contributes significantly to warming. Methane, emitted during the production and transport of coal, oil, and gas, as well as from livestock, has a more potent heat-trapping capability than CO₂ but stays in the atmosphere for a shorter time. Understanding and managing GHGs is vital for mitigating climate change impacts.