Direction: Read the following passages and answer the questions that follow each passage. Your answer to these questions should be based on the passages only.

Comprehensive lifestyle changes including a better diet and more exercise can lead not only to a better physique, but also to swift and dramatic changes at the genetic level, as U. S. researchers advocate recently. In a small study, the researchers tracked thirty men with low-risk prostate cancer who decided against conventional medical treatment such as surgery and radiation or hormone therapy. The men underwent three months of major lifestyle changes, including eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains; legumes and soy products, moderate exercise such as walking for half an hour a day, and an hour of daily stress management methods such as meditation. As expected, they lost weight, lowered their blood pressure and experienced other health improvements. The researchers ascertained more profound changes when they compared. prostate biopsies taken before and after the lifestyle changes of these men. After the three months, there were changes in activity in about five hundred genes of each of these men including forty eight that were turned on, and four hundred fifty three genes that were turned off. The activity of disease-preventing genes increassed while a number of disease-promoting genes, including those involved in prostate cancer and breast cancer, shut down, according to the study published in the journal, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The research was led by Dr. Dean Ornish, head of the Preventive Medicine Research Institute in Sausalito, California, and a well known author advocating lifestyle changes to improve health. "It's an exciting finding because so often people say, 'Oh, it's all in my genes, what can I do ?' Well, it turns out you may be able to do a lot," Ornish, who is also affiliated with the University of California, San Francisco, said in a telephone interview. " 'In just three months, I can change hundreds of my genes simply by changing what I eat and how I live ?' That's pretty exciting," Ornish said. "The implications of our study are not limited to men with prostate cancer."