The process of photosynthesis plays a vital role in the life cycle of plants. It occurs primarily in plant leaves and converts light energy into chemical energy. In simpler terms, plants convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into oxygen and glucose using the green pigment called chlorophyll. This process has two primary stages: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions or the Calvin cycle. In the first stage, light energy is used to create ATP and NADPH, while in the second stage, these products are used to convert carbon dioxide into glucose. This entire process enables plants to produce their food and exhale oxygen that is essential for the survival of most organisms on earth.