Directions - Read the short passage below and answer the questions that follow.
On the 10th or 11th of January, after being declared an outlaw by the Senate following the expulsion of the tribunes, Caesar crossed the Rubicon, a small river marking the boundary between Cisalpine Gaul and Italy. Caesar became a rebel against the Gallic forces. On both sides, the rank-and-file soldiers followed their leaders: "the Gallic legions obeyed their patron and benefactor, others followed Pompey.
Caesar made sure to address his men: according to his own account, he spoke of injustices done to him by his political enemies, how Pompey had betrayed him, and focused mostly on how the rights of tribunes had been trampled by the senate's ignoring tribunician vetoes, parading the tribunes who had fled the city before the troops in their disguises. On the senatus consultum ultimum, Caesar argued it was unnecessary and should be confined only to circumstances in which Rome was under direct threat. For most Romans, the choice of what side to pick was difficult. Only a small number of people were committed to one side or the other at the onset of hostilities. Caesar's most trusted lieutenant in Gaul, Titus Labienus defected from Caesar to Pompey, possibly due to Caesar's hoarding of military glories or an earlier loyalty to Pompey, resulting in the fall of regime of Caesar and Rome.