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A demographic dividend is "the economic growth potential that can result from shifts in a population's age structure, particularly when the share of the working-age population (15 to 64) is larger than the non-working-age share of the population (14 and younger, and 65 and older)," according to the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). In other terms, it is "an increase in economic output that results from an increase in the proportion of persons in the labour force to dependents." India has begun a 37-year demographic dividend, which might lead to quicker productivity development and economic growth. As a result, the government must design its policies to seize the chance. As the population ages and productivity declines, it must also develop measures to deal with rising medical costs. India will also require an affordable social security system that pays pension to the elderly and takes care of their daily needs and medical bills as more people choose to live independently from their parents. India faces difficulties in utilising its demographic dividend since not all segments of the population have equal access to resources like technology and education. Different states are going through different demographic transitions. For example, whereas Andhra Pradesh and Delhi are beginning to open up their demographic dividends, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh have not yet done so. Across the globe, technological advancement is partially or completely eliminating the need for labour in a number of industries. Even in cases where labour is still required, the complexity of manufacturing necessitates a significantly higher minimum skill level for workers than was necessary during the labor-intensive output boom in China and South-East Asia in previous decades. Migration cannot be managed by the infrastructure built in cities. Unsecure jobs, low pay, stressful work environments, and a mismatch between job requirements and qualifications are identified as sources of dissatisfaction. Regional inequality is a social and political issue. The proportion of women in the labour force has dropped. Uneven distribution of education: In India, elementary education and instructors are of very low quality. The quality of education among children is revealed via ASER reports. Furthermore, there is no assurance that adult longevity will keep rising indefinitely because modern diseases like obesity are on the rise in many affluent nations.