In the context of Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (DLVO) theory, the interaction potential between colloidal particles is influenced by:
1
only electrostatic repulsion from charged surfaces.
2
only London dispersion forces between particles.
3
the combination of electrostatic repulsion and van der Waals attraction.
4
the interactions due to hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions.