Direction: Read the passage given below and answer the questions by choosing the correct/most appropriate options.
According to a UN definition, the flight of talent that is required for a country’s development to another country is called brain drain. We have been experiencing this problem ever since we won out freedom. It was with great effort and high hopes that we set up our institutes of higher education. It is unfortunate that thousands of our doctors and engineers are leaving the country every year. More recently, the malady has affected the field of oil exploration, nuclear energy and agriculture also.
A very high proportion of the migrating engineers is of those trained in the five Indian Institutes of Technology. Apparently, nearly 35 per cent of the engineering graduates from the IITs go abroad as soon as they get their degrees. The percentage is even higher in the key areas such as computer science, physics, aeronautics and operational research.
The main reason for this brain drain is that our man power planning has not kept pace with employment opportunities. We have a large pool of scientific and technical manpower that is waiting for respectable assignments. Several thousand engineering graduates are waiting for employment. Some feel that they are under-employed, so they migrate to countries wherever they find better opportunities. It is also the grievance of some of them that they do not have adequate facilities and a congenial environment for work or research in this country. In fact, the situation is no different in many other countries too. They are the victims of academic colonialism which is an aspect of today’s neo-colonialism.