Which of the following arguments was made by scholars of the subaltern school about democracy in postcolonial societies?
1
Democracy failed to take root in postcolonial societies due to the absence of a democratic culture.
2
The authoritarian tendencies of postcolonial leaders undermined the functioning of democracy
3
Formal democratic institutions only benefited the elite classes, not subaltern groups.
4
Religion and ethnic diversity prevented the consolidation of democracy in postcolonial states.