Food intoxication refers to illnesses caused by consuming food that contains toxins produced by bacteria or chemicals. Unlike food infections, where pathogens multiply in the gastrointestinal tract, food intoxication occurs when preformed toxins are ingested. Common sources include improperly handled foods, especially those high in protein.

A notable example is staphylococcal food poisoning, which results from toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus. This bacterium can thrive in foods left at room temperature, leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea within hours. Another serious cause is Clostridium botulinum, which produces a potent neurotoxin found in improperly canned or preserved foods. Preventing food intoxication involves practicing good food safety measures, including proper cooking and storage, maintaining hygiene, and being cautious with high-risk foods.