Judicial review and judicial activism are pivotal components of the Indian legal system, profoundly influencing the balance of power among the judiciary, legislature, and executive branches. Judicial review entails the judiciary's authority to scrutinize and nullify legislative or executive actions that contravene the Constitution's provisions. This power serves as a cornerstone in upholding constitutional supremacy, ensuring governmental actions adhere to the principles enshrined in India's Constitution.

Concurrently, judicial activism denotes the proactive stance taken by the judiciary to address societal issues, irrespective of whether specific cases are presented before the courts. Such activism is propelled by the judiciary's commitment to advancing justice, equality, and the welfare of citizens. Through judicial activism, courts have contributed significantly to broadening the scope of fundamental rights, enhancing access to justice, and fostering social change.

However, while judicial review and activism play critical roles in safeguarding constitutional principles and promoting social justice, they have also sparked debates regarding judicial overreach, the separation of powers, and accountability. Striking a delicate balance between judicial intervention and respecting the autonomy of other branches of government remains a perpetual challenge.