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Pioneered by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), the Chandrayaan initiative signifies India's foray into lunar exploration. By delving deep into the moon's origin and geological phenomena, Chandrayaan missions have fortified the world's shared lunar knowledge base.
The maiden mission, Chandrayaan-1, launched in October 2008, emphasized high-resolution remote sensing of the lunar surface across distinct spectrums - visible, near Infrared, low and high energy X-rays. The highlight of this initiative was the surfacing evidence of water molecules in the lunar soil. This revelation, as obtained via the Moon Mineralogy Mapper, profoundly advanced our comprehension of lunar geology and environmental capabilities.
A decade later, July 2019 witnessed ISRO launching the more intricate Chandrayaan-2. Extending the reach beyond its predecessor, Chandrayaan-2 aimed for a soft landing on the lunar surface. It comprised an Orbiter, Lander (Vikram), and Rover (Pragyan). Unfortunately, Vikram encountered a hurdle during its final descent, leading to a loss in communication. Despite this setback, the orbiter remains functional and orbiting the lunar surface, thereby contributing to valuable scientific data.
ISRO's exploration quest doesn't stop here. Chandrayaan-3, under the planning umbrella, aspires to correct the technical anomalies witnessed in Chandrayaan-2. The mission’s objectives are to achieve a lunar soft landing while comprehensively exploring the lunar terrain with advanced scientific tools. Chandrayaan-3 asserts ISRO's unwavering commitment to lunar exploration, underlining its mission to delineate the moon’s untapped facets and potentials.