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Weathering has affected the long term climate of Earth by changing the Carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere through the inorganic carbon cycle. The planet Venus has a dense atmosphere composed mostly of CO₂, which traps so much solar heat that surface temperature reaches 480°C. Earth has comparatively very little CO₂ in the atmosphere, that is enough to keep most of the surface above freezing but not too hot to support life. However, when Earth first formed, its atmosphere was probably very much like that of Venus, with much more CO₂. The inorganic carbon cycle helps to regulate the climate of Earth because CO₂ is a greenhouse gas, chemical weathering accelerates with warming, and the formation of limestone occurs mostly in warm, tropical oceans. When Earth's climate is warm, chemical weathering and the formation of limestone increase, drawing CO₂ from the atmosphere, which cools the climate. When the global climate cools, chemical weathering and limestone formation slow down, allowing CO₂ to accumulate in the atmosphere from volcanism, which warms the Earth. An increase in chemical weathering can also lead to global cooling by removing more CO₂ from the atmosphere. For example, the Cenozoic uplift and weathering of large regions of high mountains such as the Alps and the Himalaya may have triggered the global cooling that culminated in the glaciations of the Pleistocene epoch.