Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:

Scientific management is a management theory that analyses and synthesises work flow. Its main objective is to improve economic efficiency, especially labour productivity. It is one of the earliest attempts to apply science to the design of management processes. Scientific management is also called Taylorism after its originator Frederick Winslow Taylor.

Taylor began developing his theory in the manufacturing industries in the US, particularly steel, during the 1880s and 1890s. Its influence peaked in the 1910s. Although Taylor died in 1915, scientific management continued to dominate until the 1920s, but it had to contend with a syncretism of opposing or contemporary ideas.

Midvale Steel Company, a great US ordnance manufacturer, was the birthplace of scientific management. Frederick W. Taylor began his career as a clerk at Midvale in 1877, but in 1880 he became foreman. Taylor was continually struck by the fact that his team members did not do even one-third of the work he thought was adequate in a day. Taylor decided to find out how long it should take people to perform each task scientifically, and in late 1882 he began implementing the first features of scientific management. Although scientific management as a specific theory or ideology fell into obsolescence in the 1930s, many of its themes remain important parts of industrial engineering and management today.