Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions.

From the second half of the nineteenth century to the present, the Geneva Convention 1864, (revised in 1906, 1929, and 1949) and Hague Convention 1899 (revised in 1907) comprised one of the most extensive bodies of positive international law outlining constraints on state behavior. The Geneva and Hague Conventions are noteworthy not only for their content, but also for their widespread ratification. Accepting the Conventions was a prestigious symbol of membership in the exclusive "international society of civilized states," and most states ratified them sooner or later. The Conventions gave combatant victims of war-wounded soldiers and POWs-international rights to medical care and humane conditions of incarceration. The Hague Convention was built on a fundamental distinction between combatants and noncombatants, designed to ensure that noncombatants did not become victims of war. Noncombatants were not considered legitimate military targets, and military occupation authorities were prohibited from exploiting civilian populations under their control.