Which of the following are tautology?

(A) (P → (P ∧ Q)) → (P → Q)

(B) ((P → Q) → Q) → (P ∨ Q)

(C) ((P ∧ ¬ P) → Q) → ((P ∨ ¬ P) → R)

(D) (Q → (P ∧ ¬ P)) → (R → (P ∧ ¬ P))

Choose the correct answer from the options given below: