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Electromagnetic energy sensors are operated from airborne and spaceborne platforms to assist in inventorying, mapping and monitoring earth resources. The two basic processes involved are data acquisition and data analysis. The wavelength ranges in which the atmosphere is particularly transmissive of energy are referred to as atmospheric windows. Irrespective of its source, all radiation detected by remote sensors passes through some distance or path length, of the atmosphere. The path length involved can vary widely. The variations in spectral reflectance curves help in identification of different earth surface features and their characteristics. Satellites generally operate in two orbits- the sun-synchronous and geostationary. Remote sensors are characterized by spatial, spectral, temporal and radiometric resolutions that enable the extraction of useful information pertaining to different terrain conditions. Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has made remarkable progress towards building the space infrastructure- as the community resource to leapfrog the developmental processes. The Indian National Satellite System, the Earth Observation System and Satellite Navigation system are the main components of the Indian satellites.