Read the following passage and answer questions:

Risk is a product of two components: the hazard, which can be defined as the probability of occurrence of a specific event within a given time period; and the consequence, typically measured by the cost of damage or loss of life. Several environmental and human factors contribute to landslide hazard, principally by determining the susceptibility of a slope or geological system to instability. These preparatory factors include slope geometry, hydrology (surface and groundwater), soil type, underlying geology, vegetation and slope loading. Landslide triggering factors include rainfall, earthquakes, volcanic activity, changes in groundwater, erosion or undercutting and human activities (e.g. mining, construction or deforestation). Hydrological processes can exert a significant and dynamic influence on slope stability, as both a landslide preparatory factor, in terms of pore pressure and groundwater levels within the slope, and as a landslide trigger factor due to rainfall infiltration or pore pressure changes. Depending on the hydrological properties of the slope material, an increase in moisture content and pore-water pressure can reduce the mechanical strength of the slope to the point of failure. Landslide consequences depend on the type and magnitude of the landslide; the process of emplacement or runout, which determines the rate, travel distance and volume of debris (the hazard footprint); and the exposure and vulnerability of elements within the area of impact. Landslides can destroy or bury buildings, infrastructure and crops, cut off transport links, water and power supplies, and result in significant direct and indirect economic losses.