Comprehension Passage
Lev S. Vygotsky propounded the cognitive development theory. He explained that experienced adults help children with innate basic abilities to acquire more complex and higher order cognitive abilities. To describe and evaluate this ability, he proposed the concept of ZPD. Based on Vygotsky's thinking, an institutional process was developed in which the amount and nature of cooperation is adjusted in the course of interaction according to the learning needs of the more knowledgeable partner child. According to Vygotsky, psychological tools (devices) and symbols facilitate the thinking process and provide direction for it.
ZPD is defined by Vygotsky as
1
The region of sensitivity for learning characterized by the difference between the developmental level when the child is working alone and the level he / she is capable of reaching with the aid of an adult
2
The region of difference between inability to use a known thing and benefit from the use of such a strategy
3
The region of learning what a child has learnt from experience and knows about the world in general
4
The region of ability to fit into change and choose environments that best fulfill the child's needs and desires to learn from society and culture.