Dr. Smriti is conducting a study to investigate the impact of social media usage on self-esteem among teenagers. She hypothesizes that higher usage of social media is associated with lower self-esteem. She decides to use a survey method to collect data. To ensure her study is valid and reliable, which of the following steps should Dr. Smith take first?
1
Randomly select a representative sample of teenagers from different schools
2
Develop a clear operational definition of “social media usage” and “self-esteem”
3
Administer a pilot test to refine the survey questions
4
Analyze the collected data using appropriate statistical techniques