Read the following passage and answer the following questions.

Communism, as an ideology, was developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the 19th century. It seeks to establish a society where resources and means of production are communally owned, removing class distinctions and leading to a state where "from each according to his ability, to each according to his need" is the norm. In essence, the goal of communism is to create a stateless, classless society where everyone contributes and benefits according to their capabilities and needs.

While communism as a concept presents a utopian vision of society, its practical implementation has been subject to controversy and debate. The philosophical basis of communism centers around the collective over the individual, which can potentially result in discrepancies between individual motivation and societal welfare. It's worth noting that many societies throughout history have had elements that align with communist ideals, such as the sharing of resources within small tribal communities.

Yet, the word "Communism" often reminds of the two great powers of the 20th century, the Soviet Union and People's Republic of China, whose international influence turned communism into a global phenomenon. These and other nations followed a form of communism influenced by their own interpretations and specific sociopolitical contexts, often diverging from the theoretical ideals posited by Marx.

Constructively, communism stirred a significant shift in economic and political discourses, championing for social equality and inspiring a range of socio-economic reforms globally. At the same time, it's noteworthy to consider the complexities and challenges of translating the ideals of communism into practice, given the vast diversity of human societies and cultures. As an ideology, communism continues to incite thoughtful discussion and debate on human societal structures even today.