According to the Big Push Theory, the key factor that prevents poor countries from escaping poverty is:
1
The lack of foreign direct investment and foreign technology, which makes self-sustained growth impossible.
2
A lack of infrastructure and capital, which leads to a poverty trap where small investments fail to bring meaningful change, requiring large-scale, coordinated investments to boost productivity and initiate growth.
3
The overproduction of low-value goods, which prevents countries from entering higher-value production areas.
4
The dependence on foreign markets, which hinders domestic technological development and innovation.