Which statements correctly compare Ullman’s and Hurst’s theories with the Gravity Model?
a) Ullman’s complementarity is analogous to the Gravity Model’s location importance.
b) Hurst’s friction of distance is equivalent to the Gravity Model’s β parameter.
c) Both Ullman’s and Hurst’s theories ignore the role of economic development.
d) The Gravity Model accounts for behavioral attributes like walkability.
1
a and b
2
b and c
3
b and d
4
c and d