The issue of human rights in international politics remains contentious, with divergent perspectives on the universality and enforcement of human rights standards. Which of the following statements best captures the complexities of this issue?
1
The concept of human rights is universally accepted and enshrined in international law, with states obligated to uphold and protect the fundamental rights and freedoms of all individuals.
2
Human rights are often used as a pretext for intervention by powerful states to advance their geopolitical interests, leading to accusations of double standards and hypocrisy in global governance.
3
International organizations such as the United Nations have effectively addressed human rights abuses through mechanisms such as the Universal Periodic Review, ensuring accountability and justice for victims.
4
Sovereign states have absolute discretion in determining their human rights policies, with international intervention limited to cases of genocide and crimes against humanity.