According to world-systems theory, which of the following statements best describes the relationship between core, periphery, and semi-periphery nations?
1
Core nations are predominantly exploited by both periphery and semi-periphery nations.
2
Periphery nations are self-sustaining and independent of both core and semi-periphery nations.
3
Semi-periphery nations act as buffers between core and periphery nations, possessing characteristics of both.
4
Core, periphery, and semi-periphery nations exist independently with no significant economic interactions between them.