General Knowledge Economy

The level of intra-industry index (T) can be measured as:

1

\(T = 1 - \frac{|X - M|}{X + M}\)

2

\(T = 1 + \frac{|X - M|}{X + M}\)

3

\(T = 1 - \frac{X - M}{|X + M|}\)

4

\(T = 1 - \frac{|X - M|}{|X + M|}\)

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