While some regions, like Punjab and Haryana, saw prosperity through the Green Revolution in the 1960s and 1970s, others lagged behind due to uneven access to resources and infrastructure. Economic liberalization in the 1990s further highlighted regional inequalities, as urban centers like Mumbai, Delhi, and Bangalore flourished, while rural areas struggled to adapt to globalization. In response to these disparities, numerous social movements have emerged to address issues like land rights, caste discrimination, gender equality, and environmental conservation. Notable movements include the Narmada Bachao Andolan, which opposed the environmental and social consequences of large dams on the Narmada River, and the Telangana movement, which led to the creation of Telangana as a separate state in 2014. Both movements were driven by regional grievances and contributed to reshaping India’s political and social landscape.