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The monsoon is a seasonal wind system that brings heavy rainfall to much of South Asia, including India. It is driven by the difference in temperature between land and sea, as well as the Earth's rotation. During the summer months, the land heats up more quickly than the ocean, causing low pressure to develop over the land. This low pressure causes winds to blow from the ocean towards the land, bringing moist air and heavy rainfall with them.
El Niño and La Niña are two opposite phases of a natural climate pattern that occurs in the tropical Pacific Ocean. El Niño refers to the trade winds that blow from east to west across the tropical Pacific Ocean to become weaker than normal, while La Niña refers to the cooling of the tropical Pacific Ocean. These events can have significant impacts on the global climate, including the strength and location of the monsoon. During an El Niño event, the monsoon may be weaker than normal, leading to drought in some areas. During a La Niña event, the monsoon may be stronger than normal, leading to floods in some areas.