Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies a Contractual VMS?
1
A retail giant like Walmart directly owns and operates its production facilities.
2
Coca-Cola contracts with independent bottlers to manufacture and distribute its products locally.
3
Procter & Gamble uses its bargaining power to secure preferential shelf space in supermarkets.
4
Apple sells its products directly through its online stores without intermediaries.
5
Sherwin-Williams operates its own manufacturing and retail outlets.