Direction: Read the given passage carefully to answer the following questions. Each question will have five alternatives as its answer. Choose the correct option as your answer.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), while children under one year of age should not be exposed to any devices like mobile phones and laptops, screen time for children from one to five years should not exceed one hour a day. The Indian Academy of Paediatrics recommends that children below two years of age should not be exposed to any type of screen, whereas exposure should be limited to a maximum of one hour of supervised screen time per day for children in the 24-59 months age group, and less than two hours per day for children in the five to ten years age group. According to child psychologists, exposure to gadgets at a young age can lead to serious developmental issues, both cognitive and emotional, in children. “The use of mobile phones, especially in the first six years of a child’s life, actually affects brain development. A lot of health issues might not show up immediately but later in life,” Charan Teja Koganti, neuro-psychiatrist at the KIMS Hospital, Kondapur, Andhra Pradesh, said. Dr Koganti cautioned that there should be zero exposure to gadgets, particularly up to two years of age. Older children, on the other hand, are often required to study online, as was seen during the COVID-19 pandemic. 

Many experts argue that children cannot be isolated from the Internet and that a safe level of exposure is beneficial for the development of cognitive skills in the 6-14 years age group. However, there has to be clear demarcation between time for online studies, and gaming and social media. “For 6-14 years, the maximum screen time should be six hours per day, according to the WHO, but only if a child has online education. Otherwise, the preferred time is two hours,” Dr. Koganti said. “We have to differentiate between problematic screen use and healthy screen use,” Yatan Balhara, a child psychiatrist at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), said. War games, for example, can lead to aggression and poor impulse control. Social media can make children dependent on validation. They could find it challenging to develop friendships in the physical world or plan life in a physical space. The use of the Internet and mobile devices also exposes them to substance abuse and pornographic content. Watching and playing games or spending time on social media could lead to _______, but for online classes and activity tutorials, this should not be a problem, _______ it could lead to some physical health issues like obesity and myopia. Experts, however, agree that it is very difficult to create compartments as screen time is not a uniform concept.