In the following passage, some of the words have been left out. Read the passage carefully and select the correct answer for the given blank out of the four alternatives.

The saga of the Chinese scientist _______ created the world's first gene-edited babies last November has forced researchers everywhere to take a hard look at the ethics of gene-editing. Chinese authorities have since condemned the researcher, He Jiankui, with a government report this week _______ he violated both ethics and laws. But though Mr He's actions ______ international outrage, they weren’t revolutionary in technological terms. Editing DNA to correct disease mutations has been possible for a while now, which means others can also do what Mr He did. The promises of such gene-editing are boundless; ______ a dozen clinical trials are currently on to treat diseases like HIV, multiple myeloma and other forms of cancer, using the CRISPR-Cas9 editing system. But none of them involves editing the so-called human germ-line; instead, they have restricted themselves to fixing genetic flaws in sick adults. In contrast, Mr He deactivated a gene in two human embryos, which means that the changes he made _______ be inherited by the next generation. In doing so, he violated the widely held ethical consensus that it is too early for germline editing, for we simply don’t know enough yet about the risks of such fiddling.